How to Move to Spain from UK: Your Complete Guide in 2024

Are you planning to “move to Spain from the UK” in 2024? Since Brexit, the rules have changed, but settling in Spain remains an exciting prospect. This article cuts through the confusion, offering you the latest on visa requirements, residency applications, and the new regulations you need to be aware of. Whether you’re seeking new opportunities, retiring under the sun, or joining family, we’ve compiled everything you need to start your next chapter in Spain with confidence.

Key Takeaways

• Post-Brexit, UK citizens must navigate visa requirements for stays beyond 90 days, prove financial stability, and have comprehensive healthcare coverage to move to Spain.
• Various visa options exist for UK citizens moving to Spain, such as work, student, and family reunification visas, each with specific requirements, application processes, and financial prerequisites.
• UK citizens relocating to Spain need to obtain an NIE number and TIE card for identification and legal residence and must integrate into Spain’s healthcare and social security systems to access public services.

Understanding the Impact of Brexit on UK Citizens Moving to Spain

Brexit has reshaped the landscape of migration between the UK and Spain. As a result of the UK’s departure from the European Union, British citizens are now required to fulfill visa requirements and furnish additional documentation to move to Spain. This marks a significant departure from the past, when the freedom of movement within the European Union allowed UK citizens to relocate to Spain with relative ease. Now, there is a limit to the visa-free stay in the country, which is capped at 90 days within a 180-day period. For extended stays or residency, visas are necessary, each with its own specific requirements.

Non-employed and retired UK citizens planning to move to Spain should particularly ensure they can demonstrate adequate financial resources to sustain themselves and any dependents. Comprehensive health insurance coverage is also a requirement. Individuals intending a long-term relocation to Spain from the UK should be aware that the visa and residency application process typically spans 6 to 8 months and may necessitate seeking legal advice or professional assistance.

Furthermore, UK citizens, also known as British nationals, who were already residing in Spain before January 1, 2021, need to be properly registered to safeguard their rights according to the Withdrawal Agreement.

Visa Options for UK Citizens Moving to Spain

Initiating the process of moving to Spain requires UK nationals to apply for the appropriate visa through the Spanish consulates in London, Edinburgh, or Manchester. This step is crucial as it determines the type of activities you can engage in while in Spain, such as working or studying. Furthermore, it is important to note that the type of visa required depends on your individual circumstances and intentions. Whether you are looking to work for a Spanish company, study at a Spanish institution, or join family members already living in Spain, there is a visa tailored to your needs.

The following sections will provide a deeper insight into the three main types of visas available to UK citizens: work visas, student visas, and family reunification visas. Each type caters to a different set of needs and comes with its own set of requirements and procedures. Understanding these differences is crucial to selecting the right visa for you.

Lastly, remember to consider the financial prerequisites and processing fees involved in obtaining a visa. For instance:

• The general cost of an adult visa is €80.
• For those wishing to move for employment purposes, additional financial prerequisites apply, such as maintaining an additional €500 per month for each family member.
• If you are considering the Spanish Fast Track Visa, you must possess a minimum of €500,000 for investment in Spanish property.

Work Visas

A work visa is an attractive option for UK citizens who have secured employment with a Spanish company. In such cases, the Spanish company that offers you employment is responsible for securing a valid Spanish work permit and applying on your behalf. This means that you do not have to navigate the process alone. However, it’s crucial to note that the entire process typically takes between 6 and 8 months before the relocation to Spain can be initiated.

On the other hand, if you wish to be self-employed in Spain, you have the opportunity to do so by registering as an ‘Autonomo’ or establishing your own limited company. As an Autonomo, you must demonstrate a minimum annual income of £24,000 and complete the registration process, which involves attending an appointment for the program IAE, among other requirements. This status requires compliance with the personal Spanish income tax system, and in some cases, a freelance visa may be required.

Finally, it’s worth noting that obtaining a long-term employment permit in Spain comes with its own set of advantages. It results in the automatic issuance of residence cards, which serve as confirmation of your legal status. This can prove especially useful in various bureaucratic processes, such as:

• Opening a bank account
• Renting a property
• Applying for utilities (electricity, water, etc.)
• Registering for healthcare
• Enrolling children in school

Student Visas

For those looking to immerse themselves in the rich academic landscape of Spain, a student visa is the way forward. On receiving an unconditional offer from an authorised Spanish higher education institution, you can start the visa application process at the Spanish embassy around 2-3 months before your intended travel to Spain.

However, it’s important to note that the requirements for a student visa differ based on the duration of your study program. If you are planning to study in Spain for a duration exceeding 90 days, you need to acquire a Spanish visa and a student’s residence permit or TIE card within 30 days of your arrival in Spain.

It’s also worth noting that students from the UK are permitted to work in Spain if the duration of their studies exceeds six months and they successfully secure a Spanish residence permit. They are authorised to engage in employment for a maximum of 20 hours per week, as long as it does not disrupt their academic pursuits. This can provide an excellent opportunity to gain hands-on experience in your field of study and get a taste of the Spanish work culture.

Family Reunification Visas

A family reunification visa allows UK citizens to bring their immediate family members to reside with them in Spain. Eligible family members for reunification in Spain encompass:

• spouses
• children under 21
• parents
• parents-in-law of an individual residing in Spain who has successfully renewed their Spanish residence permit.

You can start the family reunification process by:

1. Contacting the Spanish Embassy in the United Kingdom. They will provide you with the necessary information and forms to begin the application process.
2. If you are already in Spain, it is necessary to make an appointment with your local Foreigner’s Office. This will help ensure that your immigration process runs smoothly.
3. Prepare the essential documents for the application, which encompass criminal records and medical certificates.

Notably, spouses and dependent children who are over 16 years old are permitted to pursue work in Spain without the requirement of obtaining a distinct work permit subsequent to their relocation for family reunification. This means that your family members can also participate in the local workforce and contribute to the family's income.

The Importance of NIE Numbers and TIE Cards

Once you’ve navigated the process of selecting and applying for the appropriate visa, you’ll need to procure the essential identification documents: the NIE number and the TIE card. The NIE number, also known as the Foreigner’s Identification Number, is essential for various purposes and activities, including employment, education, real estate transactions, taxation, and banking operations.

The TIE card, on the other hand, serves as an identification card containing a UK citizen’s NIE number, address, and work or study details. It’s a crucial piece of identification that serves as evidence of permission to reside or remain in Spain and can serve as an alternative to a passport in various circumstances.

To obtain these crucial items, you are advised to schedule an appointment at your nearest foreigner’s office upon your arrival in Spain to obtain your NIE number. Subsequently, you can follow the instructions outlined by the Spanish government for the application of your TIE card.

How to Obtain an NIE Number

The NIE number holds significant importance for various essential purposes and activities, including:

• Employment
• Education
• Real estate transactions
• Taxation
• Banking operations

This makes it one of the first things you should obtain upon your arrival when you visit Spain.

Obtaining an NIE number involves the following steps:

1. Submitting an application at a local immigration office or Spanish consulate
2. Completing the EX-18 NIE number Spain form
3. Taking two copies of the form to your scheduled appointment

It's also important to note that when applying for an NIE number in Spain, you must have a translator with you if you don't speak Spanish fluently.

While the duration for obtaining an NIE number varies depending on the application location and the time of the year, it is possible to obtain an NIE number in person in Spain within a few days, but the process could also take several weeks. Therefore, it is advisable to allocate sufficient time for this procedure.

Applying for a TIE Card

The TIE card, or biometric residence card, serves as confirmation of your legal residence and study in Spain. It is essential for UK citizens as it provides proof of residence and legal status, enabling them to legally reside, work, or study in Spain.

When applying for a TIE card in Spain, UK citizens must follow the precise application guidelines set forth by the Spanish government, which may include renewal procedures prior to the TIE card's expiration.

The necessary documents for applying for a TIE card in Spain include:

• A current passport
• A certificate of registration if there has been a change of address
• A completed EX-17 application form
• 3 passport-sized photos

Upon submission of the application, the typical processing time for a TIE card in Spain is approximately one month.

Healthcare and Social Security in Spain

Just like the UK, Spain prides itself on having an efficient and accessible healthcare system. Known as the Sistema Nacional de Salud (SNS), it mirrors the UK’s NHS in terms of its operation. Once you’ve relocated to Spain, you are required to take part in the country’s social security system, known as Seguridad Social, to gain access to the public healthcare system.

There are two main methods for UK citizens to access healthcare in Spain. One option is to register an S1 form with their local INSS office if they are in receipt of a UK state pension or an exportable DWP benefit. The other option, which is available if you’re unemployed and have been a resident for 12 months, is to access public healthcare through the Convenio Especial scheme.

UK retirees residing in Spain who have not contributed to the Spanish tax system can acquire their UK state pension through HMRC. This pension enables them to acquire an S1 form, which grants them access to healthcare in Spain.

Finding Employment and Setting Up a Business in Spain

Whether you’re moving to Spain for work or to set up a business, there are plenty of opportunities waiting for you. The primary employment opportunities for expatriates in Spain following Brexit encompass roles such as:

• Business consultant
• Financial sector manager
• Sales professional
• Engineer
• IT specialist
• Marketing professional
• Graphic designer
• Finance professional
• Legal professional
• Healthcare worker

If being your own boss is more appealing, registering as self-employed or establishing your own limited company in Spain is an option. As an Autonomo, one must:

• Demonstrate a minimum annual income of £24,000
• Attend an appointment for the program IAE
• Complete the registration process
• Assume personal liability for the business.

For those who wish to establish a company, here are the necessary steps:

1. Acquire a foreign national’s tax identification number (NIE number)
2. Define the names of the company and verify their validity
3. Obtain a CIF or tax ID number
4. Visit the Entrepreneur Service Point
5. Open a bank account in the company’s name
6. Register the company’s name
7. Draft the Articles of Association
8. Complete the public registration process.

Education and Studying in Spain

Spain, an EU country, offers a rich academic landscape, which is another reason why many UK citizens choose to move here. Children aged 6 to 16 are provided with mandatory primary and secondary education at no cost under the Spanish education system.

For adults seeking higher education, there are two types of student visas. For stays of less than 90 days, no study visa is necessary, although specific nationalities may require a short-stay visa. However, for studies, training, internships, or voluntary work lasting over 90 days, a student visa is mandatory.

On receiving an unconditional offer from an authorised Spanish higher education institution, you can start the visa application process at the Spanish embassy around 2-3 months before your intended travel to Spain.

Housing and Accommodation

Finding the right home is a crucial part of your move to Spain. The country offers a wide range of housing and accommodation options to fit different needs and budgets. These range from:

• Apartments or flats
• Villas
• Townhouses
• Pensions
• Hotels
• Hostels
• Holiday rentals

If you’re planning to rent, the rental process generally entails:

• Entering into a contract for a minimum of six months
• Providing a security deposit equivalent to one or two months’ rent
• Obtaining a written rental contract
• Providing proof of income if necessary.

If you’re considering purchasing a property, it’s important to understand that housing prices vary significantly across different regions. For instance, prices in Costa Blanca and Murcia start at approximately €80,000, whereas in Costa del Sol they commence at €150,000. In major urban centres such as Madrid, the average housing cost can exceed €3,100 per square meter. It’s also crucial to obtain an NIE number, gain a comprehensive understanding of the tax implications associated with property ownership, and engage the services of a reputable solicitor to guide you through the process.

Adapting to Spanish Culture and Lifestyle

Adapting to the local culture and lifestyle is a vital part of your move. Learning Spanish is not just a practical necessity for daily life but can also enhance your career opportunities and foster a deeper integration into Spanish society.

Spanish culture is vibrant and diverse, with many elements that may be new to UK citizens. These include:

• Tapas
• The phrase ‘Vale’
• Extended days and evenings
• Siestas
• Bullfighting
• Nochevieja
• Art
• Architecture
• Literature
• Cuisine
• History
• Picturesque landscapes
• Hospitable people
• Festivities
• A varied cultural heritage shaped by Arabic, Roman, and Moorish influences.

In addition to these cultural elements, Spain has a rich tapestry of customs and traditions. These include:

• the year-round celebration of festivals
• the customary greeting of double-cheek kissing
• the enjoyment of coffee, beer, and wine
• the practice of late lunches and dinners
• the siesta
• the value placed on personal space

Financial Considerations and Taxation

Financial planning is a crucial part of your relocation process. One of the key considerations is understanding the tax obligations in Spain. UK citizens who retire in Spain are required to declare their UK state pension as part of their income and fulfil the necessary tax obligations to prevent penalties and legal repercussions. Additionally, pensions and other income originating from the UK remain subject to UK taxation, but the Double Tax Treaty ensures that they are not taxed twice on such income.

Upon moving to Spain, it’s necessary for UK citizens to register themselves as tax residents to fulfil the local taxation requirements. If you are considering applying for non-lucrative residency or the wealth visa, it’s important to be aware of the financial prerequisites, such as demonstrating a minimum annual income of €28,800.

Lastly, it’s important to take note of the Common Reporting Standards (CRS). CRS is a mechanism for sharing financial information between countries concerning their citizens’ financial accounts, with the aim of enhancing financial transparency and minimising tax evasion.

Applying for Permanent Residency and Citizenship

After living in Spain for five years, UK citizens are eligible to apply for permanent residency. This includes the option of applying for an EU long-term residence permit, which grants them the ability to work and access social welfare in Spain.

For those who wish to fully integrate into Spanish society, acquiring Spanish citizenship is an option. This process requires long-term residency of 10 years in Spain, maintaining a clean criminal record, and exhibiting adequate integration into Spanish culture. However, it’s important to note that Spain typically does not permit dual citizenship, so you may need to renounce your British citizenship.

For those with substantial financial resources, the Spain Golden Visa program offers non-EU citizens the opportunity to secure permanent residence and citizenship in Spain by making a significant investment.

Practical Tips for a Smooth Move to Spain

The process of moving to a new country can be complex, but with careful planning, it can go smoothly. Here are the steps involved:

1. Learn about the country and conduct thorough research.
2. Select a preferred location for residency.
3. Obtain a Spanish NIE number.
4. Apply for Spanish residency.
5. Establish a tax residence.
6. Arrange for a Spanish visa.
7. Organise the movement of personal belongings.

By following these steps, you can make your move to a new country much easier.

Engaging the services of a professional moving company can ease the logistics of the move. Some of the most recommended professional moving companies include:

• Gil Stauffer
• Der Umzugsschreiner
• SAM - Umzüge
• Total Moving Solutions Ltd
• Traslo Service Ltd
• Orbit International Moving Logistics Ltd

Lastly, be prepared to face common relocation issues, such as language barriers and integration challenges. These can be mitigated by acquiring proficiency in Spanish, acquainting oneself with Spanish culture, utilising local banking or transfer services, and promptly organising all necessary paperwork upon arrival in Spain.

Summary

In conclusion, moving to Spain from the UK is a multifaceted process that requires careful planning and preparation. By understanding the impact of Brexit, exploring visa options, obtaining necessary identification documents, navigating the healthcare and social security system, finding employment or setting up a business, understanding the education system, securing housing, adapting to Spanish culture and lifestyle, understanding financial considerations and taxation, and applying for permanent residency and citizenship, you can make your dream move a reality. With the right knowledge and resources, you can ensure a seamless transition to your new life in Spain.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can a British citizen move to Spain?

Yes, a British citizen can move to Spain, but they will need to apply for a long-term visa if they want to emigrate or stay in the country for more than three months, as the UK is now considered a "third country" as of January 1, 2021.

How much money do you need to move to Spain from the UK?

Moving to Spain from the UK can cost between £2,000 and £7,500, depending on the quantity of items, distance, and mode of transport chosen.

Is living in Spain cheaper than in the UK?

Yes, living in Spain is, on average, 114% cheaper than in the UK. Many Brits are planning to move to Spain after Brexit due to the lower cost of living.

How has Brexit impacted the process of moving to Spain for UK citizens?

Brexit has led to changes in the process of moving to Spain for UK citizens, including the implementation of a 90-day visa-free stay restriction and the requirement of visas for long-term stays or residency in Spain.

What are the different types of visas available to UK citizens looking to move to Spain?

UK citizens looking to move to Spain can apply for work visas, student visas, and family reunification visas, depending on their specific situation. It's important to consider individual circumstances and intentions when choosing the appropriate visa.